The Memorable Thoughts of Socrates

"The Memorable Thoughts of Socrates" by Xenophon is a philosophical account written in the late 5th century BC. This work presents the teachings and actions of Socrates, particularly focusing on his reflections regarding piety, virtue, the nature of the divine, and the ethical conduct of humans. The text highlights Socrates' perspective as a wise man devoted to the betterment of society through philosophical inquiry, rather than merely denouncing the accusations laid against him. At the start of the book, Xenophon introduces Socrates in a context where he defends himself against accusations of impiety and corruption of youth that led to his death sentence. The philosopher argues passionately that he is deeply pious and adheres to the gods of his city while demonstrating that his spiritual experiences are in line with long-held beliefs in divine guidance. He articulates views on the importance of divine providence in making moral choices and dispels the notion that he undermines traditional values. Through the dialogue, he posits that true engagement with ethics and virtue leads to a life of integrity, both for oneself and for society as a whole. (This is an automatically generated summary.)

Xenophon of Athens was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian. At the age of 30, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Greek mercenaries, the Ten Thousand, who had been part of Cyrus's attempt to seize control of the Achaemenid Empire. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote, "the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior". Xenophon established precedents for many logistical operations and was among the first to describe strategic flanking maneuvers and feints in combat.