Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature - 3. The Reaction in France

"Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature - 3. The Reaction in France" by George Brandes is a historical account written in the early 20th century. This volume is part of a larger six-volume series that explores key literary and philosophical movements during the 19th century, focusing specifically on the intellectual currents post-Revolution in France. The book examines the societal, cultural, and political re-establishment of the principle of authority after the upheaval of the French Revolution, shedding light on the dynamic relationship between literature, thought, and the shifting powers of the church and state. The opening of the book introduces the foundational ideas behind the principle of authority, defined as the reverence for inherited tradition that supports societal structures. Brandes argues that this principle underwent significant challenges and transformations during the Revolution and its aftermath, leading to a complex re-engagement with religious authority. He sets up the historical context by illustrating how various figures, from philosophers to clergy, navigated these changes and the resulting conflict between established norms and the emerging notions of individual liberty and fraternity. Through critical examinations of the Revolution and its literary and political consequences, Brandes aims to reveal how these currents shaped French literature and thought in the 19th century. (This is an automatically generated summary.)

Georg Morris Cohen Brandes was a Danish critic and scholar who greatly influenced Scandinavian and European literature from the 1870s through the turn of the 20th century. He is seen as the theorist behind the "Modern Breakthrough" of Scandinavian culture. At the age of 30, Brandes formulated the principles of a new realism and naturalism, condemning hyper-aesthetic writing and also fantasy in literature. His literary goals were shared by some other authors, among them the Norwegian "realist" playwright Henrik Ibsen.