The Sportsman: On Hunting, a Sportsman's Manual, Commonly Called Cynegeticus

"The Sportsman: On Hunting, a Sportsman's Manual, Commonly Called Cynegeticus" by Xenophon is a detailed manual on hunting practices likely written in the 4th century BC. This ancient work serves as a guide for aspiring hunters, covering techniques, the use of dogs, and the benefits of hunting, particularly emphasizing the moral and social virtues that such skills can develop in young men. The opening of "The Sportsman" discusses the sacred origins of hunting, attributing its invention to the gods Apollo and Artemis. It introduces Cheiron, a centaur and the legendary mentor to many ancient Greek heroes, who taught the discipline of hunting to his pupils. The text also highlights the importance of this training, suggesting that hunting cultivates both physical prowess and moral character among youth. Subsequent sections begin to outline practical aspects of hunting, including the equipment necessary for the chase and characteristics of the ideal hounds for different types of game. The emphasis on training, virtues, and the relationship between hunter and hound establishes a foundation for understanding the text's comprehensive approach to sportsmanship and ethical hunting. (This is an automatically generated summary.)

Xenophon of Athens was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian. At the age of 30, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Greek mercenaries, the Ten Thousand, who had been part of Cyrus's attempt to seize control of the Achaemenid Empire. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote, "the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior". Xenophon established precedents for many logistical operations and was among the first to describe strategic flanking maneuvers and feints in combat.