The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)

"The Principles of Biology, Volume 1" by Herbert Spencer is a scientific publication written in the late 19th century. This work delves into the foundational concepts of biology, focusing on the principles underpinning living organisms and their development, interpreted through the lens of evolutionary theory. Spencer aims to elucidate general truths regarding biology, juxtaposed with special truths that serve to clarify the overarching principles. The opening of the volume begins with a preface outlining the author's intent and the revisions made in the latest edition, reflecting significant advancements in biological science made since earlier editions. Spencer discusses the rapid progress in the field and emphasizes the importance of his work in conveying the fundamental truths of biology concerning organic matter, the actions of forces on organic matter, and the dynamic interplay between life and its surroundings. He introduces key concepts such as molecular mobility and chemical affinities, setting the stage for a comprehensive exploration of biological phenomena grounded in the laws of evolution. (This is an automatically generated summary.)

Herbert Spencer was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist, sociologist, and anthropologist. Spencer originated the expression "survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species. The term strongly suggests natural selection, yet Spencer saw evolution as extending into realms of sociology and ethics, so he also supported Lamarckism.